Learn C Games Programming

C11 and C17 support in MSVC

Posted on September 19, 2020September 15, 2020 by David

The letter C — Image by Peggy und Marco Lachmann-Anke from Pixabay

Microsoft have announced that they will be supporting both C11 and C17 in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.8 Preview 3. All the required features but not optional features and not VLAs (Variable Length Arrays) which is considered unsafe.

One of the complaints has been that Microsoft always prioritised C++ over C for many years. C was supported inasmuch as it was needed for C++. Until fairly recently C++ was a superset of C and you could compile C program as C++. Just change the extension to .cpp.

That said, I will probably continue to write C code as C99 for now and take a look at the C11/C17 features such as restrict, stdnoreturn and so on. Note C17 is considered a bit of a bug fix for C11.

The joys of setting up a server

Posted on September 18, 2020September 18, 2020 by David

This is for my MMO game. I need a backend server, so yesterday I signed up for a vps service. I picked Ubuntu 20.04 LTS which I’ve used before and received the login details. I use Putty to log in via SSH and WinSCP for browsing, copying files. Installing Apache2 is actually very easy. Likewise PHP. I didn’t install MySQL which might have been a mistake, so I had a LAP system (Linux, Apache, PHP) rather than LAMP.

What I did do sensibly was pay for a backup snapshot service. When I logged in first I did an sudo apt update then upgrade. Then I took a snapshot.

And I needed it. My exact configuration was Apache 2.4 with PHP 7.4. Apache worked when I tested it but PHP didn’t. Well from the command line the PHP command worked and I could see the version but it didn’t work with Apache. I created a PHP script with phpinfo in it but instead when I browsed to it, it downloaded the script rather than ran it.

This is usually the case that httpd.conf needs some AddType statements only there isn’t an httpd.conf anymore in Apache 2.4. I did locate a mime.conf but adding AddType into that and restarting Apache made no difference. I eventually wasted about three hours on it yesterday. However in my searches I came across mention of Virtualmin and so today I restored to the snapshot and ran the Virtualmin open source script. Luckily Ubuntu 20.04 LTS was one of the supported distros and Virtualmin installed without a hitch. It’s very impressive. The screenshot is of virtualmin installing. Thankfully all the bars on the right were green…

Back about 12 years ago when I first started experimenting with Linux and websites, i came across Webmin and used it extensively. Virtualmin installed both WebMin and Usermin. It has changed substantially in the time since I last used it. It surprised me a little because for years Ubuntu and Webmin didn’t seem to get on and Ubuntu recommended not to install it.

Anyway I now have a server that runs PHP. The backend will be running .NET Core once installed, but it’s just as easy to use Apache and PHP for receiving order files (from mobile). PHP is just to simplify getting those files onto and off the server.

My code is buried in the Arctic!

Posted on September 17, 2020September 13, 2020 by David

It’s true. Well my code and that of thousands of others on Svalbard, a set of islands halfway between Norway and the North pole. I’ve actually been to Svalbard on a cruise a few years back. It was cold and a bit damp. That’s one of a bunch of photos I took.

GitHub shipped 21 terabytes to be stored in long term storage under the ice. It should be good for a few hunded years at least so thats my backups taken care of. I wish!

Normal blogging will be resumed tomorrow. Hey after 200 posts I’m allowed a semi-off topic post once in a while!

Just passed the 200th blog entry

Posted on September 16, 2020September 12, 2020 by David

At a rate of one per day. So far I’ve missed no days! Here’s the montage of the last 100 images…

Godot and IO games

Posted on September 15, 2020September 12, 2020 by David

I occasionally answer (often in a somewhat ascerbic tone) questions on Quora.com, not just programming though that;’s the bulk of my answers. Feel free to follow me there! One question today was asking whether it was better to deveIop IO games on Web or mobile first.

I’d never really looked at this category- what is an IO Game? Very loosely, its the replacement for Flash games, and unlike those, it can run on mobile or cross-platform. A typical development system for such games is Godot, an open source cross-platform development system. The main language is GDScript based loosely on Python but any programming languages that has GDNative bindings (so C++, C#, Rust, Nim, D and any others I don’t know about. ).

You get games like the multiplayer game agar.io which has an entry on Wikipedia and is cited as an example of an IO game.

How to extract text from an Image

Posted on September 14, 2020September 11, 2020 by David

This is more of a tip, but it can be a useful thing to know. If you look at this photo you’ll see it contains a bunch of words. Now you could type them in but that’s a bit tedious.

If you have Ms Office then you’ll have probably have OneNote. Take the image and paste it into OneNote. Now right click on the image (in OneNote and in the popup menu) you should see Copy Text from Picture as the third item in the menu.

Just click that then paste the text in to notepad, a text editor, whatever. There’s your text.

Here’s the text pasted directly from the clipboard. 100% accurate apart from a ! that it found from somewhere near the edge (just after wain)!

Solution to Puzzle 1
ain, alb, albs, als, ani, ard, ards, arid, ars, awn, blah, blain, dhal
dhals, dirl, dirls, drain, draw, drawn, fah, fain, fan, far, fard, tards,
farl, farls, fars, faw, fawn, flan, flaw, flawn, fra, hain, half, halts, han,
hard, hards, harl, harls, harn, harns, haw, hid, ids, infra, inward,
inwards, lah, lain, lar, lard, lards, larn, larns, law, lawin, lawn, nard,
nards, rah, rai, rain, ran, rani, raw, rawn, rid, rids, slain, slaw, wain, !
wald, walds, wan, war, ward, wards, warn, warns, wars, wha, wharf,
wharfs, whid, whids, whir, whirl, whirls, whirs, Win

Undefined behaviour in C

Posted on September 13, 2020September 10, 2020 by David

Unexpected — Image by John Hain from Pixabay

One of C’s not so brilliant features is the range of Undefined Behaviour (UB). Things like using an uninitialised variable or having an int variable overflow don’t have behaviour defined; thus it is UB and you cannot accurately predict what will happen. Likewise accessing a NULL pointer can cause odd behaviour. It gets more sophisticated than that. What if you type cast an int to a float?

The LLVM blog have an interesting set of posts on UB and it’s definitely worth reading. I’ve done a lot of C programming, so I’m rarely surprised by my programs but its useful to know about these things. In my case, I started with assembler programming and then learnt C++ and C in that order so my perspective has always been to try and understand whats going on deep down.

Chess in C

Posted on September 12, 2020September 10, 2020 by David

I noticed that the Covid lockdown had made streaming of chess games very popular and did a search to see if I could find the source of one in C. The first one I found was actually C++ (cout << is a bit of a giveaway!) but I found this one by a developer called Tom Kerrigan. It runs from the command line and the exe is just 157 KB in size.

Note it is copyrighted but he has put his source code out there so if you are interested in seeing how a chess program is written this is an excellent place to start. His code also includes a lot of comments and includes an opening book.

How to install WSL 2 and Linux on Windows 10

Posted on September 11, 2020September 9, 2020 by David

This assumes that you have the version 2004 of Windows 10. Run the command Winver (open a command line then type winver) to see what version you have.

WSL is Windows Subsystem for Linux and lets you run one of several Linuxes (after installing) in Windows. For now it is terminal only but you can debug programs using Visual Studio. WSL 2 is the current version of WSL though you can run the older WSL 1.

Your computer also needs to support Hyper-V Virtualization to run WSL 2. If it doesn’t you can run WSL 1.

Steps.

Open a PowerShell windows in Admin mode. My way of doing this is open the search window and type Powershell. Then right-click run as Admin.

When I mean Search Window, I mean the one on the Toolbar that looks like this like a magnifying glass: (highlighted in the red square)

2. In the Powershell Windows, copy and paste this command:

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

3. Next run this command in the same Windows:

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

4. Set WSL 2 as default with this Powershell command:

wsl --set-default-version 2

Now close the Powershell Window and in the search box type Store. You should see Microsoft Store. It’s an app on your PC. Click it to run it and type in Linux in the search box. Click Show all and you should see something like this. Pick one like Ubuntu, Debian etc. Apart from the ones with a price against them, the rest are free. Cl;ick Get and it will install.

After it has installed, you can run it from your Start Menu. I dragged it onto the square so I have a nice clickable icon.

Just click it and your Ubuntu (or whatever) Linux will open at a terminal prompt like this.

Sometimes it’s not software to blame

Posted on September 10, 2020September 7, 2020 by David

Never Assume banner — Image by Gordon Johnson from Pixabay

This last week has been a bad one for me technically speaking. First there was the Sky Q Minibox problem. I was away when it was originally setup. It would have saved me a couple of wasted days without Sky when it went wrong had I been present at the setup.

We had a power outage that lasted twenty minutes. When it came back everything powered up except the Sky Q Minibox. It displayed a couple of screens which said “when the screen goes blank, press the Home button on the Sky Q remote”. Nothing happened. Eventually (after a couple of days) I figured, it was a bit like an old BoomBox (cassette player) of mine that was never the same after a power outage. Something had blown perhaps. Time to contact technical support for a replacement?

But I did a last search and came across an interesting message on a forum. “Make sure your Sky Q Remote is paired with the Minibox”. This is one of those things that makes you sit it up and says “What?”. It’s just a remote, isn’t it , like the other ones. Except when I looked a bit closer I noticed it had no bulb or transparent plastic screen at the end. To cut a long story short, when it was paired (is it Bluetooth?) the Sky Q Minibox worked fine. D’oh… My first encounter with a non-Infra red TV remote.

It gets worse…

Yesterday I struggled trying to run a program on my two Android phones. The same phones that had worked fine with MonoGame. This was a different software dev system (Android Studio) and a different programming language (Flutter). The trouble was sometimes it would recognise one of the phones (but not the other one) and when I started copying the program it failed with ADB Error 1. I was scratching my head over this. I’d tried configuring, all sorts, in Android Studio, in the phones. But nothing made a difference.

I did a Google and a StackOverflow answer showed up. Maybe the problem is your cable? Well I have a few Android cables lying around so I swapped it and sure enough. It worked, and now recognised both phones, the program copied and ran ok on both phones. So with the Sky remote, it was the old adage Assume= Makes an Ass of U and Me. and with the phones, I’d assumed it was the software. configuration that was wrong.